QN. Society and culture are twins sisters. Discuss
TEOFILO KISANJI UNIVERSITY
WWW.TEKU.AC.COM
WRITTEN BY CHIWAMBO, AUSI R
20/12/2011
CONTACT: E-MAIL ausichiwambor@yahoo.com
Phone no.0753110740
0652403792
TANZANIA
QUESTION: SOCIETY AND CULTURE ARE TWINS SISTERS.
TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
.Background of society and culture
.Meaning of anthropologist, society and culture.
.Characteristics of society and culture.
MAIN BOBY
.Similarities between society and culture
CRITICS
RECOMMANDATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
It is true to say “society and culture are twin’s sisters”. Societies depend on culture and culture depends on society. It means goes together. When one of this missing we say society is going randomly because every person will work according to his influence only. Culture shapes societies and society being shaped depending on the nature of environment. The anthropologist compares society and culture as twins sisters as follow by starting the concept of each one:-
The word Anthropology means study of organisms interacting each other in the environment. And Anthropologist refers to a person who deals with the study of human nature, human society, and human past, together with how people or human beings are interacting with environment.
Society, this word is derived from Latin words “societas” from noun “socius” which means companionship or friendship (Shankar Rao, 2006). Also he quoted some of scholar who definition society as follow:-
Society is the union itself, the organization, the some of social relations in which associating individual are bound together (Pr. Giddings).
Society can be defined as not to a group of people, but the complex pattern of the norms of interaction, that arises among and between them (Lapiere).
According to Hess (1992), he defined society refers to the group of people living in an area (boundaries) under a leader and engage in different economic activities.
Therefore, Society can be defined as the group of people related to each other through persistence relations, or a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or virtual territories, subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectation.
Or society defined as group of people living together in specific boundaries where by headed by leader and involving on economic activities together with culture.
And, Culture defined as social heritage, that is, all the knowledge, material object, beliefs, customs and skills that is available to the number of society (Leonard Broom and Philip Selznick).
Schaefer, R. T. (2008), defined culture is the totality of leaned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge material objects and behavior. It includes the ideas, values, and customs.
According to Hughes and Kroehler (2005), defined culture as the social heritage of people-those leaned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that are transmitted from one generation to next include material and non-material.
Edward B. Tylor, the English anthropologist, defined culture as “that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs and any other capabilities and habit acquired by man as a member of society.
Generally culture means totality of people’s live in a given areas includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and language.
Therefore, Culture and society they are inseparable or it relating each other (Shankar Rao, 2006), It means that no society no culture or it’s vice versa. It relates one another.
The word society divided into three categories such as; firstly is pre-industrial, where by involving on agriculture based on food production, hunting and gathering as well as pastoralist.
Secondly, industrial societies, the period where dominated by the use of industries on producing goods including food collection. And lastly, is Post-industrial societies where dominated by the development of information technology.There is the biggest information companies like Microsoft companies, Face book, twitter, Google engine Companies, Bing machine and Yahoo companies. Through post-Industrial people’s advancing on the use of computerization, and internet explore in all aspect such as education, research, health, banking, laws, and banking. All this kind of culture is done through leaning.
The main characteristics of society are mutual interaction and awareness, society consist people, co-operations and division of labour, society should have culture, society is interdependence, and it is dynamic
And, culture characterized by being learnt, does not exist in isolation, culture is shared, culture is transmissive, culture is commutative and continuous, culture is dynamic and adaptive, culture varies from society and society, and lastly culture is super organic and ideational (Shankar Rao, 2006).
The similarities of society and culture are present in some element of culture as agued by shankar Rao, and Kottak (2004). Therefore, the following are the similarities between society and culture as twin’s sisters:-
Language. Language is a part of culture which transmitting from one generation to another through learning. Human being as a part of society, in order to communicate with other people in the society needs language. Good example is Swahili language in Tanzania uniting people together and solving problem around them. This is also the some as happen in other language including local language such as Sukuma, Yao, Makua, Tindiga and Nyakyusa.
Beliefs. This is the specific statement that people hold is true. Within the society, it including people, and that people have their own believes depending on the interest of the person. Example of believes is religious such as Islamic and Christianity where by used to shape behavior of people through its lessons. So, due to this, people being shaping by culture in terms of religious in order to drive well their society.
Values and Norms, means things which guided the society based on what we should do and not, or what is good or bad. Simply it is regulations of the societies. Society needs that regulation for daily life in order to be real society. Without norms and values in the society, every body will do whatever either bad or good. So, in order to avoid it, norms and values are being implemented in the society.
Food. No one who will survive without eating any kind of food. Therefore, society needs food in order to survive, but the kind of food is quit different from one society and another. And this food stands as a part of culture within a society depending nature of society and environment. For instance Nyakusa, Safwa, and Haya depending much on bananas, and, tribes like Sukuma, Yao, Makua, wamwela, and Makonde depending on Ugali.
Symbolic, Anthropologist Leslie White (1959:3), said that “symbolic is something verbal or non-verbal, within a particular culture or language that come to stand for something else. In each society have their own symbol or sign which is quit different with other societies. By taking Tanzania as example, our symbol is our national flags which are quit different with other national flags. Also we have tribes like Maasai, Nyaturu, Tindige and Mang’ati are known through their dressing, and general appearance. So, due to this, society depending much on their symbols, and symbols as a part of culture which help to determine peoples in the society in terms of their origin.
Arts and craft. In African, each society depends on their own arts and craft. Some involving on making pottery, making traps especially along coast and river, making basketry, and involving in playing drummers and singing African songs. Example is Makonde society involving much on making masks or carving. This society being famous on that because of their own culture, it is not similarly with how other making masks. So due to this, society has been shaped by culture depending with the nature of environment.
Greeting system. Greeting as a part of African culture. And every body in the society has a right to greet any one without regarding their age. Within African societies including Tanzania tribes have their own way of greeting depending the nature of tribes. For instance, it is normal issues for any among Wakinga-Makete district, to drop down during greeting, and also it is the same among Nyakyusa, but along the coast tribes it is normal to greet a person without drop down as Wakinga do.
CRITICISM
Not all culture is important to the development of our societies. There are some of cultures undermining some groups within the society. And that kind of culture should be removed for the benefit of whole society. Some of these cultures which have negative impact to our society are women circumcision and food taboos. Through women circumcision, women lead to lack of desire of love even after being married, and also it is easily to get Fistula and its impact is segregating.
Even though culture depend on society, and society depend on culture, but the reality this two words are quit different even in terms of meaning. It is not the same (Shankar Rao, 2006:192). Therefore, the following are the different between culture and society:-
Firstly, culture is a system of behavior shared by the member of society. Here means that, culture is a system of behaving people in a certain society, While, society is the group of people who share the common culture (Shankar Rao, 2006).
Secondly, Lalph Linton showed that a society is organized group of individual (the group of people who related each other as individual), while culture is an organized group of learned responses characteristics of particular society.
Finally, society is composed of people who are interacting on the basis of shared, beliefs, values and activities, While, culture is cement binding together into the society its components of individual.
Therefore, culture influence people how to live in a certain area, but society need to follow what kind of culture that will see goods.
ROCOMMANDATION
Culture has seen as a great influence to the development of any society. Every body abided by culture surrounding his or her. This culture transmitted either through learning or sharing information from one society and another. Therefore, the following are advantages of culture to the development of societies:-
Culture help to unite people, this is through various ceremony being practiced in the society. Some time during funnily, people uniting together and take it as a problem of whole society around.
Culture creates behaviors and control how to live with other people, this is through norms and values. And each society has its own values and norms which protecting or guiding people how to live within the society.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, society should see what kind of culture to follow and adapt. Some of culture is not functionable to our society. It humiliating women and seeing as inferior group. In order to help them, we must avoid all culture which has negative impact to our society. Also culture from abroad must be selected which is good and what is bad. By doing that African culture will remain to be stable.
REFERENCES
Bukagile, G. R. (2008), Civics For Secondary Schools, Dar-es-salaam, Nyambari
Nyangwine Press.
Eugene, N. n. (Editor, 1954), Customs and Cultures Anthropology for Christians, New
York,
Hughes, M. and Kroehler C. J. (2oo5), Sociology the Core, 7th edition, New York, Mc
Graw Hill Press.
Kottak, C. P. (2004 c), Anthropology: The Explanation of Human Diversity, 10th edition, . University of Michigan, Mc Graw Hill publishers
Schaefer, R. T. (2008), Sociology matters,3rd Edition, Chicago University, Mc Graw Hill
Shankar Rao, C. N. (2006), Sociology: principles of sociology with an introduction to
Social thought, 6th edition, New Delhi, Rajendra Ravendra and S. Chand Press.
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/cultural-Anthropology/introduction/04/12/2011:9:20
Am/Released by Creative Common Attribution Share Alike License/19.october.
2011:20:43
WRITTEN BY CHIWAMBO, AUSI R
TEOFILO KISANJI UNIVERSITY
BA-SOCIOLOGY
WWW.TEKU.AC.COM
WRITTEN BY CHIWAMBO, AUSI R
20/12/2011
CONTACT: E-MAIL ausichiwambor@yahoo.com
Phone no.0753110740
0652403792
TANZANIA
QUESTION: SOCIETY AND CULTURE ARE TWINS SISTERS.
TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
.Background of society and culture
.Meaning of anthropologist, society and culture.
.Characteristics of society and culture.
MAIN BOBY
.Similarities between society and culture
CRITICS
RECOMMANDATION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
It is true to say “society and culture are twin’s sisters”. Societies depend on culture and culture depends on society. It means goes together. When one of this missing we say society is going randomly because every person will work according to his influence only. Culture shapes societies and society being shaped depending on the nature of environment. The anthropologist compares society and culture as twins sisters as follow by starting the concept of each one:-
The word Anthropology means study of organisms interacting each other in the environment. And Anthropologist refers to a person who deals with the study of human nature, human society, and human past, together with how people or human beings are interacting with environment.
Society, this word is derived from Latin words “societas” from noun “socius” which means companionship or friendship (Shankar Rao, 2006). Also he quoted some of scholar who definition society as follow:-
Society is the union itself, the organization, the some of social relations in which associating individual are bound together (Pr. Giddings).
Society can be defined as not to a group of people, but the complex pattern of the norms of interaction, that arises among and between them (Lapiere).
According to Hess (1992), he defined society refers to the group of people living in an area (boundaries) under a leader and engage in different economic activities.
Therefore, Society can be defined as the group of people related to each other through persistence relations, or a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or virtual territories, subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectation.
Or society defined as group of people living together in specific boundaries where by headed by leader and involving on economic activities together with culture.
And, Culture defined as social heritage, that is, all the knowledge, material object, beliefs, customs and skills that is available to the number of society (Leonard Broom and Philip Selznick).
Schaefer, R. T. (2008), defined culture is the totality of leaned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge material objects and behavior. It includes the ideas, values, and customs.
According to Hughes and Kroehler (2005), defined culture as the social heritage of people-those leaned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that are transmitted from one generation to next include material and non-material.
Edward B. Tylor, the English anthropologist, defined culture as “that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs and any other capabilities and habit acquired by man as a member of society.
Generally culture means totality of people’s live in a given areas includes knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and language.
Therefore, Culture and society they are inseparable or it relating each other (Shankar Rao, 2006), It means that no society no culture or it’s vice versa. It relates one another.
The word society divided into three categories such as; firstly is pre-industrial, where by involving on agriculture based on food production, hunting and gathering as well as pastoralist.
Secondly, industrial societies, the period where dominated by the use of industries on producing goods including food collection. And lastly, is Post-industrial societies where dominated by the development of information technology.There is the biggest information companies like Microsoft companies, Face book, twitter, Google engine Companies, Bing machine and Yahoo companies. Through post-Industrial people’s advancing on the use of computerization, and internet explore in all aspect such as education, research, health, banking, laws, and banking. All this kind of culture is done through leaning.
The main characteristics of society are mutual interaction and awareness, society consist people, co-operations and division of labour, society should have culture, society is interdependence, and it is dynamic
And, culture characterized by being learnt, does not exist in isolation, culture is shared, culture is transmissive, culture is commutative and continuous, culture is dynamic and adaptive, culture varies from society and society, and lastly culture is super organic and ideational (Shankar Rao, 2006).
The similarities of society and culture are present in some element of culture as agued by shankar Rao, and Kottak (2004). Therefore, the following are the similarities between society and culture as twin’s sisters:-
Language. Language is a part of culture which transmitting from one generation to another through learning. Human being as a part of society, in order to communicate with other people in the society needs language. Good example is Swahili language in Tanzania uniting people together and solving problem around them. This is also the some as happen in other language including local language such as Sukuma, Yao, Makua, Tindiga and Nyakyusa.
Beliefs. This is the specific statement that people hold is true. Within the society, it including people, and that people have their own believes depending on the interest of the person. Example of believes is religious such as Islamic and Christianity where by used to shape behavior of people through its lessons. So, due to this, people being shaping by culture in terms of religious in order to drive well their society.
Values and Norms, means things which guided the society based on what we should do and not, or what is good or bad. Simply it is regulations of the societies. Society needs that regulation for daily life in order to be real society. Without norms and values in the society, every body will do whatever either bad or good. So, in order to avoid it, norms and values are being implemented in the society.
Food. No one who will survive without eating any kind of food. Therefore, society needs food in order to survive, but the kind of food is quit different from one society and another. And this food stands as a part of culture within a society depending nature of society and environment. For instance Nyakusa, Safwa, and Haya depending much on bananas, and, tribes like Sukuma, Yao, Makua, wamwela, and Makonde depending on Ugali.
Symbolic, Anthropologist Leslie White (1959:3), said that “symbolic is something verbal or non-verbal, within a particular culture or language that come to stand for something else. In each society have their own symbol or sign which is quit different with other societies. By taking Tanzania as example, our symbol is our national flags which are quit different with other national flags. Also we have tribes like Maasai, Nyaturu, Tindige and Mang’ati are known through their dressing, and general appearance. So, due to this, society depending much on their symbols, and symbols as a part of culture which help to determine peoples in the society in terms of their origin.
Arts and craft. In African, each society depends on their own arts and craft. Some involving on making pottery, making traps especially along coast and river, making basketry, and involving in playing drummers and singing African songs. Example is Makonde society involving much on making masks or carving. This society being famous on that because of their own culture, it is not similarly with how other making masks. So due to this, society has been shaped by culture depending with the nature of environment.
Greeting system. Greeting as a part of African culture. And every body in the society has a right to greet any one without regarding their age. Within African societies including Tanzania tribes have their own way of greeting depending the nature of tribes. For instance, it is normal issues for any among Wakinga-Makete district, to drop down during greeting, and also it is the same among Nyakyusa, but along the coast tribes it is normal to greet a person without drop down as Wakinga do.
CRITICISM
Not all culture is important to the development of our societies. There are some of cultures undermining some groups within the society. And that kind of culture should be removed for the benefit of whole society. Some of these cultures which have negative impact to our society are women circumcision and food taboos. Through women circumcision, women lead to lack of desire of love even after being married, and also it is easily to get Fistula and its impact is segregating.
Even though culture depend on society, and society depend on culture, but the reality this two words are quit different even in terms of meaning. It is not the same (Shankar Rao, 2006:192). Therefore, the following are the different between culture and society:-
Firstly, culture is a system of behavior shared by the member of society. Here means that, culture is a system of behaving people in a certain society, While, society is the group of people who share the common culture (Shankar Rao, 2006).
Secondly, Lalph Linton showed that a society is organized group of individual (the group of people who related each other as individual), while culture is an organized group of learned responses characteristics of particular society.
Finally, society is composed of people who are interacting on the basis of shared, beliefs, values and activities, While, culture is cement binding together into the society its components of individual.
Therefore, culture influence people how to live in a certain area, but society need to follow what kind of culture that will see goods.
ROCOMMANDATION
Culture has seen as a great influence to the development of any society. Every body abided by culture surrounding his or her. This culture transmitted either through learning or sharing information from one society and another. Therefore, the following are advantages of culture to the development of societies:-
Culture help to unite people, this is through various ceremony being practiced in the society. Some time during funnily, people uniting together and take it as a problem of whole society around.
Culture creates behaviors and control how to live with other people, this is through norms and values. And each society has its own values and norms which protecting or guiding people how to live within the society.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, society should see what kind of culture to follow and adapt. Some of culture is not functionable to our society. It humiliating women and seeing as inferior group. In order to help them, we must avoid all culture which has negative impact to our society. Also culture from abroad must be selected which is good and what is bad. By doing that African culture will remain to be stable.
REFERENCES
Bukagile, G. R. (2008), Civics For Secondary Schools, Dar-es-salaam, Nyambari
Nyangwine Press.
Eugene, N. n. (Editor, 1954), Customs and Cultures Anthropology for Christians, New
York,
Hughes, M. and Kroehler C. J. (2oo5), Sociology the Core, 7th edition, New York, Mc
Graw Hill Press.
Kottak, C. P. (2004 c), Anthropology: The Explanation of Human Diversity, 10th edition, . University of Michigan, Mc Graw Hill publishers
Schaefer, R. T. (2008), Sociology matters,3rd Edition, Chicago University, Mc Graw Hill
Shankar Rao, C. N. (2006), Sociology: principles of sociology with an introduction to
Social thought, 6th edition, New Delhi, Rajendra Ravendra and S. Chand Press.
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/cultural-Anthropology/introduction/04/12/2011:9:20
Am/Released by Creative Common Attribution Share Alike License/19.october.
2011:20:43
WRITTEN BY CHIWAMBO, AUSI R
TEOFILO KISANJI UNIVERSITY
BA-SOCIOLOGY
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