QN: Abortion is still a debatable issue within the community Worldwide. Why there's increasing cases of Abortion in the society. In sociological point of view, what are the postive and negative dementions of the phenomina?

QN: Abortion is still a debatable issue within the community Worldwide. Why there's increasing cases of Abortion in the society. In sociological point of view, what are the postive and negative dementions of the phenomina?

BACKGROUND OF ABORTION

The word abortion comes from the Latin abortio, which means to abort, miscarry, deliver prematurely. The Latin word abortus means "miscarriage, premature, untimely birth". In medicine abortion means ending a pregnancy prematurely.

An abortion can happen spontaneously as a result of complications during a pregnancy, or it can be induced. An induced abortion carried out to preserve the health of the mother (gravida) is a therapeutic abortion. An abortion carried out for any other reason is called an elective abortion. 

A short answer, Abortion is pregnancy termination. Abortion is a procedure which is taken to end a pregnancy before the born of a baby. Or we can also say in simple words to “kill a baby”. It can also be occurred during pregnancy complications where it becomes necessary to save the life of mother in certain conditions (that will not be called killing because life of mother is at risk or the baby is already dead in pregnancy).

In young women “what is abortion” is a common question and women should know about it as she may undergo with this in her life during pregnancy complication. There is another term called miscarriage, people used to be confused in both of these terms. The difference  is that if it is occurred when the pregnancy is before 24 weeks, this is miscarriage and after this period this will be called abortion. It should be done by a licensed physician and you should prefer the experienced physician.

There are two methods of Abortion which are; Medical abortion, It is term used for ending pregnancy with the means of drugs. It can only be done if your pregnancy age is of 49 days or less. It dose not need any surgical procedure, this can be done in doctor’s clinic or at home. For medical abortion the common drugs are Mifepristone or Methotrexate with another drug misoprostol. The occurrence of the medical abortion is not as fast as surgical abortion, in result you will have elevated amount of bleeding and cramping happened. Having medical abortion in normal pregnancy will results in side effects and serious complications, which may risk your health and life.

Surgical abortion is done when pregnancy age crossed 49 days. it is done with three different ways; Suction Aspiration, Dilation & Curettage (D&C) and Induction Abortion

Suction Aspiration

Suction Aspiration or vacuum aspiration is the mostly widely used surgical abortion procedure, Suction aspiration  is used when your pregnancy have entered in 6 weeks till 12 weeks. The procedure for this surgical abortion is that you will lay beck with your feet stirrups and vaginal speculum is inserted in your vagina. Anesthesia is administered to cervix, a tenaculum is used to hold the cervix to make cervix wide. A cannula with long plastic tube connected to suction device is inserted into uterus so that fetus will be suction out. This procedure will take about 15 minutes and total recovery time will be around 2 -3 hours, depending on your condition.

Dilation & Curettage (D&C)

Dilation & Curettage usually spoken as D&C is a surgical abortion which is used when your pregnancy age reaches to 12 weeks till 15 weeks. D&C surgical abortion is similar to the suction aspiration abortion, the difference is that in this type of abortion curette is been used, it is a long rod with round shaped knife on top. With this your fetus is scraped from uterus, than a cannula is inserted to suction out the entire scraped fetus. Dilation & Curettage (D&C) takes 10 minutes and your total stay will be around 5-6 hours.

Induction Abortion

Incaution is most rarely used surgical abortion procedure. This type of abortion is done when there are medical problems occurs with you or your baby.  In Induction abortion Potassium chloride, salt water and urea is used to end up your pregnancy, by inserting prostaglandins in your vagina and given you pitocin through intravenously. And then laminaria is then inserted in cervix,(http://www.surgical-blog.com/abortion-what-is-abortion-%E2%80%93-abortion-is-termination).

DEFINITION OF THE KEY CONCEPT

Abortion is defined as the termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo prior to viability. An abortion can occur spontaneously, in which case it is usually called a miscarriage, or it can be purposely induced, simply means removal of pregnance, (http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/145870.php).

Abortion means the deliberate termination of a pregnancy, usually before the embryo or fetus is capable of independent life. In medical contexts, this procedure is called an induced abortion and is distinguished from a spontaneous abortion. Or Abortion means the ending of pregnancy and expulsion of the embryo or fetus, generally before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving on its own. Abortion may be brought on intentionally by artificial means (induced abortion) or may occur naturally ( spontaneous abortion, which is commonly referred to as a miscarriage), (Houghton Mifflin, 2005).

Therefore, Abortion means the pregnancy is ended so that it does not result in the birth of a child. Sometimes this is called ‘termination of pregnancy’. The pregnancy is removed from the womb, either by taking pills (medical abortion) which involves taking medicines to cause a miscarriage or by surgery (surgical abortion) where the pregnancy is removed from the womb. Most abortions can be provided on a day care basis which means you do not need to stay at a clinic overnight.

The factors for abortion are divided into two parts such as personal views (Internal forces) and External forces.

The following are internal forces or Person views to why there is increase of Abortion; I don't want more children or I'm done with childrearing, If a female not ready to become a mother or not ready for another child, I don't want others to know about my pregnancy or that I'm having sex,  My husband/partner wants me to have an abortion, There are problems with the health of fetus, There are problems with my own health and My parents want me to have an abortion.

The following are External forces for why there is increase of Abortion:-

Relationship Problems and/or Unwillingness To Be a Single Mother. The majority of women with unplanned pregnancies does not live with their partners or have committed relationships. These women realize that in all likelihood they will be raising their child as a single mother. Many are unwilling to take this big step due to the reasons described above: interruption of education or career, insufficient financial resources, or inability to care for an infant due to caregiving needs of other children or family members. Even in situations involving women cohabitating with their partners, the outlook for unmarried women as single mothers in discouraging; for women in their 20s living with their partners at the time of birth, one-third ended their relationships within two years.

Financial Instability.  Whether she's a high school or college student, or a single woman earning just enough to live independently, many expectant mothers lack the resources to cover the staggeringly high costs associated with pregnancy, birth, and childrearing, especially if they do not have health insurance. Saving for a baby is one thing, but an unplanned pregnancy places an enormous financial burden on a woman who cannot afford to care for an infant, let alone pay for the necessary OB/GYN visits that will ensure healthy fetal development. Lack of adequate medical care during pregnancy places the newborn at a higher risk for complications during birth and in early infancy.

Negative Impact on the Mother's Life. Taken at face value, this reason may sound selfish. But a pregnancy that occurs in the wrong place at the wrong time can have a lifelong impact on a woman's ability to raise a family and earn a living. Less than half of teens who become mothers before age 18 graduate from high school. College students who become pregnant and give birth are also much less likely to complete their education than their peers.

The following are the Positive Dimensions of Abortion:-

On positive dimension of abortion we have to look on on the fact that the health of the mother  will be strong and more healthy on only if the doctors will advice that the pregnancy should be terminated.

Further more we need to look on the fact that the total number of people shall decrease hence leading to good utilization of the resources compared to the low number of the people who are present in that specific or particular area.

The following are the Negative Dimensions of Abortion:-

On the side of negative side we need first to look on the issue of death, which refers to the state of one to loose his or her life. Most of women are ending to death as one of the impact of abortion, This occurs when the medicines failed to work effectively or if abortion have been conducted locally and finally it can destruct the reproductive system of a woman, not only that but also during abortion most of women lost a lot of blood which finally led to death.

Hepatitis is an action inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by a viral infection. When the liver failed to regulate some amount of poison or to function properly or when there is some infections to the liver which caused by hepatitis, through this inflammation it can affect the system of placenta and uterus to work properly of the life of the embryo or zygote or an expected child. The fail of placenta and uterus to accommodate the zygote, Also hepatitis can spread through the blood which can cause serious liver problems including cirrhosis and cancer.

Cervical cancer, this is through the drugs taken by women during abortion and when these drugs are taken, then can lead to cervical cancer. In addition to that there are devices that used during surgical operation in the process of abortion, this devices passes through the Cervical system and due to this they can cause damage to the cervix and hence to the cervical cancer.

Bladder injury, This is the part found in human womb or stomach is found near by liver. Liver play a major role of controlling and restrict poisons which is affecting the whole body. So this gladder can get injury after fail to control such poisons entering the human body, Injury come after poisons flowing at large extent which becomes difficult to be controlled by bladder.

CONCLUSSION;

In developing countries like Tanzania abortion should be quite abandoned simply because it is not helping us in any phenomena and people shall be abide to their religion in order to be far from committing abortion because it is an evil, But in another means for those women who are advised by doctors to abort they should abide to such kind of decisions because it is protecting the health of a mother.