Definition of key terms

Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term which refers to the countries of Africa continent lies on the southern part of the Sahara desert. A political definition of sub-Saharan Africa it covers all Africa countries which are fully or partially located southern of the Sahara. It contrasts with north Africa which is considered as a part of Arab world, (http:/en Wikipedia.org.wiki/sub-Sahara Africa)

Population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group a species and live in the same geographical area or population refers to the collection of human beings, (http:/en.wikipedia/wiki/population).

The existing of social-cultural, economic and political problems. In sub-Saharan Africa countries is resulted from the existence of population problems. The following points substantiate the above contention with the vivid examples;

Crimes; these are the social cultural problems existing in some Sub Saharan Africa countries due to the population increase the resource are scarce does not cater the wall population found in sub sub-sahan African. Therefore people tend to use their own effort to fight for life hardship, hence others the violets the laws and procedures by committing offence through armed robbery, madder, theft with and sometimes rape. This very common like Tanzania in cities like Dar.Es.Salaam, Mwanza And Mbeya Cities; there is a number of reported crimes over the mentioned areas.

The increase or eruption of diseases; the increase of diseases like cholera, dysnenty and other air born diseases, this is common in countries like Tanzania in areas such as in Dar Es Salaam around Vingunguti area, Manzese, Ilala, Karume and Sambusa street, the population is too high. The city failed to manage environment due to the high population.

Early marriage and force marriage; due to higher population brings economical problems and poverty in society then force people especially girls to engage themselves in early marriage or their parents force them to be married earlier before their age of marriage. For example this practice has been seen in Maasai people and Kulya people in Musoma Tanzania.

The problem of education; the rapid population growth has a strong direct or more fund expenditure on education. High fertility guarantees more children interest school system, high demanding wages to teacher due to increase number of students in schools, so the government of the particular country may use more fund in education expenditure and migrating other sectors like health, environment and home affairs.

Health problem; Population growth similar increase to health costs , more people require more health services and more health services are in urban centre are the essentially on curative then preventive, therefore demand health services may sometime differ from the pupation present and services provided. For example in Tanzania our government hospitals are full of patients in all working days. And other complains for his sufficient service.

Environment and food problems; The rate of increase of populations if is rapid , some areas may increase the likely food population over shortage and over outcome of soil erosion in fields and overgrazing in pastures to the degree that native plants cannot re-establish themselves hence decline productivity. This is common in the areas like Dodoma, Arusha and some extent in Morogoro.

Rural urban migration; people are migrating from rural areas. Following the population to be high in urban areas the government has tried to improve social services in urban areas , leaving the rural areas suffering from safe and clean water , no electricity and poor transport. Therefore those abled people in rural areas are transferring to urban areas to share good social services consumed over there. Luck enough even workers nowadays prefers to work in urban areas purposely in order to cater luxury services found in urban.

unemployment; there is the scarcity of employment because the machines replaced human power. This is due to the innovations of high technology so many people remain unemployed because the work of ten people is done by one man by using machines such as computer. For example in Kenya and Tanzania more educated people who have missed employment opportunities in government sectors are engaged themselves in informal employment.

Poverty; this may occur due to poor of resources distributions, High fertilized countries are more poor because their resources does not support the population of the particularly countries. For- example in Ethiopia they are great in number they are less in working hence their resource is low which does not support to be distributed for the whole population. As a result many of them are migrated in countries like kenya , Tanzania and south Africa.

Low wages to worker; high population can cause the particular country to be affected negatively in lowering of the wages or salaries for the workers, for example the government tend to employ the large number of workers so as to cover its area of its jurisdiction. Not only but also but although due to a low economy of the country.

The increase of price for commodities; in all populated areas the price for goods is high due to high demand, For example commodity sold at kariakoo dar-es-salaam it may some differ from the same commodity sold at kigamboni, at Kariakoo the price for commodities tends to be high in due to high population which bring high demand but the same commodities can be in low price in kigamboni due to low population resulted from low demand.

Problems of population in political issue it is true that place with high population may sometimes encourage political problems like civil wars, intertribal conflicts and even international conflict this may occur due to the following reasons.

Less attention for politicians to the population growth or increase; it is partly because contemporary political scientific have paid to little attentions to the issue of population, hence they left the study of population change to other discipline like sociology, economics and anthropology.

Violent conflicts; due to high population can led violent and conflicts, because many people have different ideology and perspectives over another especially on political matters. For example these different ideologies can be seen between Chama cha Mapinduzi and Chama cha Demoktrasia na Maendeleo, hence conflict be endless issue like in Arumeru. Also in Kenya the last elections was so danger which brought a lot of property damaged and loss of people life. That was due to population led to different ideologies and perceptions among the citizens.

Repartition or Disintegration of People; population may contribute to disintegration of people within the country or societies, for example the population of Zanzibar of 1964 is not the same as the one of today. The low population of that time made easier for the national leader to seat and discuss issue about union. But today due to increase of population people have come with an idea that the union Tanzania mainland and Tanzania island has no benefit to the people of Tanzania island, hence they demand to break the union because Tanzania mainland have to surrender some items which seems to be in union matters like minerals, Constitutions, Boundaries and trading affairs.

Decreased economy of the country or state; due to high population the government have to spent more money of taking care to the people especially to disabled , handicapped, elderly and chronically sick. For example taking care of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV), pregnant mothers and elderly people on free medical care.

Insufficient budget to people; through in increased number of people the government failed or gets trouble to budget everything to reach the demand of people inturn many people become poor. For example you can see the budget of Tanzania government depend much on donors more than sixty percent that make many project not be implemented effectively.

CONCLUSION.

Therefore; looking on the above problems which may be brought by high population that is in social- cultural, economic and political issues. It is the time for government to and find out the way forward to solve these problems that faced the community by emphasizing much on implementation of the planned policy . example the policy of poverty reduction for sustainable development not only that but also all goals which under go with millennium development goals On the side of political matters every political leader have to be accountable on their duties before the citizens.