QUESTION:
What are the meaning of the following concept; Kinesics, Occulesis, Paralinguistic, Artfacts, Chronemics, Tactilics in communication?
This
essay needs to elaborate the concept of different aspects of a non-verbal
communication. Our work is divided into thee major parts which are[
introduction where by cover the meaning of communication and non-verbal
communication, another part is the main body of our question where express the
concept of kinesics, occulesis, paralinguistic, artifacts, chronemic and tactilics,
and the last part is about general summarization of our work]. On discussing
this essay we explained as follows:-
Communication is the process of
transferring of ideas or massage from one person and another through specific
medium which are sender, massage, medium or channel, receiver, and feedback (Leena,
2006).
Communication is the transfer of
information to achieve goals. Thus communication is a goals oriented process.
It is an act mean’t that to elicit a response in another end, either through
direct action by the receiver or more acquisition of understanding (Kadaghe,
2008).
According
to a group perspective, communication
is the process of exchanging ideas for understanding from one person to another
through the major element of communication such as initiators, message,
channel, receiver and feedback.
Non verbal communication is the way in
which we express our feelings, emotion, altitudes, opinions, and view through
our body movement. In that kind of communication we use our eyes, hands, face
and other body movement to express our thoughts (Leena, 2006).
According
to Keegan,(quoted by Leena, 2006) defined non
verbal communication is behaviors, other than spoken or written
communication, that creates or represent meaning. In other way it includes
facial expression, body movements and gesture
Therefore,
communication is the type of communication which uses signal such as gesture,
posture, and physical signal.
The
following are description of sub-discipline of non verbal communication which
are kinesics, occulesis, paralinguistic, artifacts, chronemic and tactilics.
Kinesics, is the study of communication
through body movements, stances, gestures, and facial expressions. A speaker is
conveyed not only through words but also through facial expressions, gestures,
and other signs of animation. For example, we use non verbal communicating our
mood, like sadness as well as happiness (Deborah Tannen, 1990).
This
means that an individual can use another alternative way of communicating and
expressing the feelings and ideas apart from using the use of words. Also
include the use of non verbal movements such as gestures and facial expressions
as a systematic mode of communication.
Occulesis, means a science of the
movement of our eyes and facial expressions (Charles Darwin, 1872).
This
is all about the study of role of eyes in non verbal communication, it include
the eyes gaze and pupil dilation. People use the eyes to indicate their
interest and with more than the frequently recognized actions of winking and
slight movement of eye brows. Eye contact is an event when two people look to
each other eyes at the same time. It is a form of non verbal communication and
has a large influence on social behavior.
Paralinguistic, means the study of
vocal and non vocal signals beyond the basic verbal message it include pitch,
loudness rate and influences. Or refers to vocal communication that is separate
from actual language. It include factors and tone loudness, inflection, and
pitch.
Here
the speaker may use different pitch in different points for the aim of
emphasizing. Also can use different tone according to what he/she is
expressing. It can be sadness or happiness. When we say strong tone of voice,
we mean listening might interpret approval and enthusiasm.
Artfacts, means message signal that an
individual send across through appearance, clothing style, perfume, personal
object line pens, cellphones and briefcase (Leener, 2006).
This
is the personality of an individual in a certain areas, or is the physical
appearance of a person according to a place he/she found. For example official
dressing, club/disco dressing, Muslims and doctor.
Chronemics, means the study of the use
of time in non verbal communication. Also the the way the speaker apply the
skill in the use of time, for example how time is structured in the power of
communication process. For example in culture it includes punctuality
(willingness to wait and interaction). Time can affect life styles, daily
topics, and speed of speech. The use of time can depend to status of the
speaker. For example appointment to see
the doctor or boss.
Tactilics, this are all our touching
behavior that include touching oneself, touching others and touching objects.
So,
this language of touch leads to sensing how soft/hard, it is of an individual,
oneself and object. Through touching individual can be at the situation of
expressing the hardness or softness of the material touched. The language of
touch help people to fulfill, physical and sociological need social, sexual or
psychological (Montagu, 1971).
In conclusion, non verbal is very
important in the field of communication skills, and has got the importance to
human being such as to create impression through body language, to initiate and
manage interactions, to express emotions, to convey descants and to convey
power. Therefore, communication is the major means in the expression of how an
individual feels if there will be effective communication between sender and
receiver.
REFERENCES
Conrad,
P. K. (1974), Anthropology the
exploration of Human diversity, 10th edition,
Leena,
S. (2006), Communication Skill, New Delhi
http://ed.med.miami.edu/Nonverbal
communication.pdf.28/11/2011:4:00 Pm
POWERED BY CHIWAMBO AUSI R. TEOFILO KISANJI UNIVERSITY (TEKU), MAY 29, 2012
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