INTRODUCTION
Always
population is dynamic as it experiences both growth and decrease on its scale.
Pre industrial societies and industrial society’s population differed and
experienced a lot of changes due to many factors. Pre industrial societies’ population
experienced depopulation as discussed in bellow discussion.
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
Depopulation:
to greatly reduce the number of people living in city, region, or community (merriam-webster.com)
Depopulation is a condition in which numbers of
inhabitants of a certain place are reduced or depleted entirely. This word is a
combination of the word population and the prefix de- to form a noun, (ask.com)
Pre-industrial society,
refers to the time
before machines were introduced to produce goods on a large scale, (dictionary.reverso.net)
Pre-industrial society refers to specific social attributes
and forms of political and cultural organization that were prevalent before the
advent of the Industrial Revolution. It is followed by the industrial society,
(boundless.com).
Society, may be defined as an aggregate
network of social relationship op groups or people and made up of handful of
people and if may embrace a huge number of people, (Angulu, M, 1975).
Pre-industrial society refers to specific social attributes
and forms of political and cultural organization that were prevalent before the
advent of the Industrial Revolution, which occurred from
1750 to 1850. It is followed by the industrial society.
Pre-industrial society refers to specific social attributes
and forms of political and cultural organization that were prevalent before the
advent of the Industrial Revolution, which occurred from
1750 to 1850. It is followed by the industrial society.
Depopulation. The condition of having reduced
numbers of inhabitants (or no inhabitants at all)
Society, refers to the group of people who shares common
culture, background, and territory always experiences a sense of fellowship and
belongingness within their grouping
Some attributes of the pre-industrial
societies
Limited production (i.e. artisanship vs. mass
production), primarily an agricultural economy, Limited division
of labor. In pre-industrial societies, production was
relatively simple and the number of specialized crafts was limited, Limited
variation of classes, Parochialism Communications were limited between
human communities in pre-industrial societies. Few had the opportunity to see
or hear beyond their own village. In contrast, industrial societies grew with
the help of faster means of communication, having more information
at hand about the world, allowing knowledge transfer and cultural diffusion between them. Pre-industrial
societies developed largely in rural
communities. Capitalism developed largely in urban areas.
Types of pre industrial society
4. Agrarian,
5. Feudal
The following are the causative factors
of depopulation during pre capitalist society,
Poor
health services, during the time health service was
poor and under developed, this caused high death rate as there was no improved
health services example there was high maternal death during birth time, due to
low development and improved care In terms of maternal deliveries, which risked
mothers and children. Therefore due to poor health services within pre
industrial society death rate was high and being the causative agent of depopulation.
Migration,
movement of people during the time especially caused by economic activities
like pastoralist and peasant agriculture. Also nature of settlement during the
time as most of people were having temporary settlements and permanents one, therefore
migration during pre-industrial society marked instability of population and
caused depopulation.
Low
science and technology, underdevelopment in terms of
science and technology influenced a lot on depopulation within pre-industrial
society, high development in terms of science and technology is vital aspects
towards maintaining the stability of population. Due to poor technology during
the time, death rate was high as people failed to impact science and technology
in their life, like in health sector, where by medicines health facilities,
life saving machine were not there. But also there was high utilization of
human labor due to intensive jobs, which causes damage to human body as the
results people characterized with low life expectancy compare to industrial
societies where there was advancement in technology and science, depopulation
become high and safe.
Food
insecurity and nutrients problems, as during the time
there was no improvement in technology the most economic sector that was
depended was agriculture and hunting both characterized by poor tools.
Therefore most of the output from this sector were for utilization and there
was no surplus for future use, therefore the risk hunger and food insecurity
was high which caused high death to people, but also due to nature of the
society like hunter and gatherer society who where saving a lot roots and backs
sometimes risk their life by eating poisonous food as well as lack of nutrients
from these intakes. Therefore from all those aspects the risk of life loose was
high which caused depopulation.
Disease,
especially to children population who were faced a lot with nutrients related
problems. Although there some adulthood related problem which were also caused
depopulation during the time, disease like kwashiorkor, diabetes, pepopunda and
cholera, all these factors were contributing to depopulation aspect of
pre-industrial society.
Poor
education, due to poor education which resulted to higher
illiteracy level in the society, so through poor education as bridge people
fail to control sanitation and sewage system which is too dangerous to their
environment because of disease availability, poor sanitation and sewage system
may cause some problems which will cause depopulation of people through death,
for example disease like cholera and malaria where by cholera caused by
dirtiness of the environment and grasses around the area may cause malaria.
Conclusion
Generally the population of pre
industrial society was dynamic as it developed various changes the explained above
are some of the factors that facilitated on the depopulation of pre industrial
society, population stability with high increase was experienced a lot after
industrial revolution as there was high development in various aspects, like
technology, education development, development or improvement in health
services, all these played part on reducing high death rate. Basically during
the time there was high death rate caused by the factors mentioned above which
caused depopulation within pre industrial society.
REFERENCES
Angulu, M, (1975), The Social Anthropology of Africa, an introduction, London Heinemann
education books limited.
Daniel R. Curtis.
2012. Pre-industrial societies and strategies for the exploitation of
resources. A theoretical framework for understanding why some settlements are
resilient and some settlements are vulnerable to crisis. Utrecht. Link: http://www.academia.edu/1932627
Retrieved on March 18/2014,http://www.ask.com/question/what-is-the-definition-of-depopulation
Retrieved on March 20/2014,
http://www://dictionary.reverso.net/english-cobuild/pre-industrial
Written By AUSI CHIWAMBO (2014)-Teofilo Kisanji University
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